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Primary Git Repository for the Zephyr Project. Zephyr is a new generation, scalable, optimized, secure RTOS for multiple hardware architectures.
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zephyr/scripts/west_commands/runners/nrf_common.py

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# Copyright (c) 2017 Linaro Limited.
# Copyright (c) 2023 Nordic Semiconductor ASA.
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0
'''Runner base class for flashing with nrf tools.'''
import abc
import contextlib
import functools
import os
import shlex
import subprocess
import sys
from collections import deque
from pathlib import Path
from re import escape, fullmatch
from zephyr_ext_common import ZEPHYR_BASE
sys.path.append(os.fspath(Path(__file__).parent.parent.parent))
import zephyr_module
from runners.core import RunnerCaps, ZephyrBinaryRunner
try:
from intelhex import IntelHex
except ImportError:
IntelHex = None
ErrNotAvailableBecauseProtection = 24
ErrVerify = 25
UICR_RANGES = {
'NRF53_FAMILY': {
'NRFDL_DEVICE_CORE_APPLICATION': (0x00FF8000, 0x00FF8800),
'NRFDL_DEVICE_CORE_NETWORK': (0x01FF8000, 0x01FF8800),
},
'NRF54H_FAMILY': {
'NRFDL_DEVICE_CORE_APPLICATION': (0x0FFF8000, 0x0FFF8800),
'NRFDL_DEVICE_CORE_NETWORK': (0x0FFFA000, 0x0FFFA800),
},
'NRF91_FAMILY': {
'NRFDL_DEVICE_CORE_APPLICATION': (0x00FF8000, 0x00FF8800),
},
'NRF92_FAMILY': {
'NRFDL_DEVICE_CORE_APPLICATION': (0x0FFF8000, 0x0FFF8800),
'NRFDL_DEVICE_CORE_NETWORK': (0x0FFFA000, 0x0FFFA800),
},
}
# Relative to the root of the hal_nordic module
SUIT_STARTER_PATH = Path('zephyr/blobs/suit/bin/suit_manifest_starter.hex')
@functools.cache
def _get_suit_starter():
path = None
modules = zephyr_module.parse_modules(ZEPHYR_BASE)
for m in modules:
if 'hal_nordic' in m.meta.get('name'):
path = Path(m.project)
break
if not path:
raise RuntimeError("hal_nordic project missing in the manifest")
suit_starter = path / SUIT_STARTER_PATH
if not suit_starter.exists():
raise RuntimeError("Unable to find suit manifest starter file, "
"please make sure to run \'west blobs fetch "
"hal_nordic\'")
return str(suit_starter.resolve())
class NrfBinaryRunner(ZephyrBinaryRunner):
'''Runner front-end base class for nrf tools.'''
def __init__(self, cfg, family, softreset, dev_id, erase=False,
reset=True, tool_opt=None, force=False, recover=False):
super().__init__(cfg)
self.hex_ = cfg.hex_file
if family and not family.endswith('_FAMILY'):
family = f'{family}_FAMILY'
self.family = family
self.softreset = softreset
self.dev_id = dev_id
self.erase = bool(erase)
self.reset = bool(reset)
self.force = force
self.recover = bool(recover)
# Only applicable for nrfutil
self.suit_starter = False
self.tool_opt = []
if tool_opt is not None:
for opts in [shlex.split(opt) for opt in tool_opt]:
self.tool_opt += opts
@classmethod
def capabilities(cls):
return RunnerCaps(commands={'flash'}, dev_id=True, erase=True,
reset=True, tool_opt=True)
@classmethod
def dev_id_help(cls) -> str:
return '''Device identifier. Use it to select the J-Link Serial Number
of the device connected over USB. '*' matches one or more
characters/digits'''
@classmethod
def do_add_parser(cls, parser):
parser.add_argument('--nrf-family',
choices=['NRF51', 'NRF52', 'NRF53', 'NRF54L',
'NRF54H', 'NRF91', 'NRF92'],
help='''MCU family; still accepted for
compatibility only''')
parser.add_argument('--softreset', required=False,
action='store_true',
help='use reset instead of pinreset')
parser.add_argument('--snr', required=False, dest='dev_id',
help='obsolete synonym for -i/--dev-id')
parser.add_argument('--force', required=False,
action='store_true',
help='Flash even if the result cannot be guaranteed.')
parser.add_argument('--recover', required=False,
action='store_true',
help='''erase all user available non-volatile
memory and disable read back protection before
flashing (erases flash for both cores on nRF53)''')
parser.set_defaults(reset=True)
@classmethod
def args_from_previous_runner(cls, previous_runner, args):
# Propagate the chosen device ID to next runner
if args.dev_id is None:
args.dev_id = previous_runner.dev_id
def ensure_snr(self):
if not self.dev_id or "*" in self.dev_id:
self.dev_id = self.get_board_snr(self.dev_id or "*")
self.dev_id = self.dev_id.lstrip("0")
@abc.abstractmethod
def do_get_boards(self):
''' Return an array of Segger SNRs '''
def get_boards(self):
snrs = self.do_get_boards()
if not snrs:
raise RuntimeError('Unable to find a board; '
'is the board connected?')
return snrs
@staticmethod
def verify_snr(snr):
if snr == '0':
raise RuntimeError('The Segger SNR obtained is 0; '
'is a debugger already connected?')
def get_board_snr(self, glob):
# Use nrfjprog or nrfutil to discover connected boards.
#
# If there's exactly one board connected, it's safe to assume
# the user wants that one. Otherwise, bail unless there are
# multiple boards and we are connected to a terminal, in which
# case use print() and input() to ask what the user wants.
re_glob = escape(glob).replace(r"\*", ".+")
snrs = [snr for snr in self.get_boards() if fullmatch(re_glob, snr)]
if len(snrs) == 0:
raise RuntimeError(
'There are no boards connected{}.'.format(
f" matching '{glob}'" if glob != "*" else ""))
elif len(snrs) == 1:
board_snr = snrs[0]
self.verify_snr(board_snr)
print(f"Using board {board_snr}")
return board_snr
elif not sys.stdin.isatty():
raise RuntimeError(
f'refusing to guess which of {len(snrs)} '
'connected boards to use. (Interactive prompts '
'disabled since standard input is not a terminal.) '
'Please specify a serial number on the command line.')
snrs = sorted(snrs)
print('There are multiple boards connected{}.'.format(
f" matching '{glob}'" if glob != "*" else ""))
for i, snr in enumerate(snrs, 1):
print(f'{i}. {snr}')
p = f'Please select one with desired serial number (1-{len(snrs)}): '
while True:
try:
value = input(p)
except EOFError:
sys.exit(0)
try:
value = int(value)
except ValueError:
continue
if 1 <= value <= len(snrs):
break
return snrs[value - 1]
def ensure_family(self):
# Ensure self.family is set.
if self.family is not None:
return
if self.build_conf.getboolean('CONFIG_SOC_SERIES_NRF51X'):
self.family = 'NRF51_FAMILY'
elif self.build_conf.getboolean('CONFIG_SOC_SERIES_NRF52X'):
self.family = 'NRF52_FAMILY'
elif self.build_conf.getboolean('CONFIG_SOC_SERIES_NRF53X'):
self.family = 'NRF53_FAMILY'
elif self.build_conf.getboolean('CONFIG_SOC_SERIES_NRF54LX'):
self.family = 'NRF54L_FAMILY'
elif self.build_conf.getboolean('CONFIG_SOC_SERIES_NRF54HX'):
self.family = 'NRF54H_FAMILY'
elif self.build_conf.getboolean('CONFIG_SOC_SERIES_NRF91X'):
self.family = 'NRF91_FAMILY'
elif self.build_conf.getboolean('CONFIG_SOC_SERIES_NRF92X'):
self.family = 'NRF92_FAMILY'
else:
raise RuntimeError(f'unknown nRF; update {__file__}')
def hex_refers_region(self, region_start, region_end):
for segment_start, _ in self.hex_contents.segments():
if region_start <= segment_start <= region_end:
return True
return False
def hex_get_uicrs(self):
hex_uicrs = {}
if self.family in UICR_RANGES:
for uicr_core, uicr_range in UICR_RANGES[self.family].items():
if self.hex_refers_region(*uicr_range):
hex_uicrs[uicr_core] = uicr_range
return hex_uicrs
def flush(self, force=False):
try:
self.flush_ops(force=force)
except subprocess.CalledProcessError as cpe:
if cpe.returncode == ErrNotAvailableBecauseProtection:
if self.family == 'NRF53_FAMILY':
family_help = (
' Note: your target is an nRF53; all flash memory '
'for both the network and application cores will be '
'erased prior to reflashing.')
else:
family_help = (
' Note: this will recover and erase all flash memory '
'prior to reflashing.')
self.logger.error(
'Flashing failed because the target '
'must be recovered.\n'
' To fix, run "west flash --recover" instead.\n' +
family_help)
if cpe.returncode == ErrVerify and self.hex_get_uicrs():
# If there is data in the UICR region it is likely that the
# verify failed due to the UICR not been erased before, so giving
# a warning here will hopefully enhance UX.
self.logger.warning(
'The hex file contains data placed in the UICR, which '
'may require a full erase before reprogramming. Run '
'west flash again with --erase, or --recover.'
)
raise
def recover_target(self):
if self.family in ('NRF53_FAMILY', 'NRF54H_FAMILY', 'NRF92_FAMILY'):
self.logger.info(
'Recovering and erasing flash memory for both the network '
'and application cores.')
else:
self.logger.info('Recovering and erasing all flash memory.')
# The network core of the nRF53 needs to be recovered first due to the
# fact that recovering it erases the flash of *both* cores. Since a
# recover operation unlocks the core and then flashes a small image that
# keeps the debug access port open, recovering the network core last
# would result in that small image being deleted from the app core.
# In the case of the 54H, the order is indifferent.
if self.family in ('NRF53_FAMILY', 'NRF54H_FAMILY', 'NRF92_FAMILY'):
self.exec_op('recover', core='NRFDL_DEVICE_CORE_NETWORK')
self.exec_op('recover')
def program_hex(self):
# Get the command use to actually program self.hex_.
self.logger.info(f'Flashing file: {self.hex_}')
# What type of erase/core arguments should we pass to the tool?
core = None
if self.family in ('NRF54H_FAMILY', 'NRF92_FAMILY'):
erase_arg = 'ERASE_NONE'
cpuapp = (
self.build_conf.getboolean('CONFIG_SOC_NRF54H20_CPUAPP') or
self.build_conf.getboolean('CONFIG_SOC_NRF9280_CPUAPP')
)
cpurad = (
self.build_conf.getboolean('CONFIG_SOC_NRF54H20_CPURAD') or
self.build_conf.getboolean('CONFIG_SOC_NRF9280_CPURAD')
)
generated_uicr = self.build_conf.getboolean('CONFIG_NRF_REGTOOL_GENERATE_UICR')
if cpuapp:
core = 'NRFDL_DEVICE_CORE_APPLICATION'
elif cpurad:
core = 'NRFDL_DEVICE_CORE_NETWORK'
if generated_uicr and not self.hex_get_uicrs().get(core):
raise RuntimeError(
f"Expected a UICR to be contained in: {self.hex_}\n"
"Please ensure that the correct version of nrf-regtool is "
"installed, then run 'west build --cmake' to try again."
)
if self.erase:
self.exec_op('erase', core='NRFDL_DEVICE_CORE_APPLICATION')
self.exec_op('erase', core='NRFDL_DEVICE_CORE_NETWORK')
# Manage SUIT artifacts.
# This logic should be executed only once per build.
# Use sysbuild board qualifiers to select the context,
# with which the artifacts will be programmed.
if self.build_conf.get('CONFIG_BOARD_QUALIFIERS') == self.sysbuild_conf.get(
'SB_CONFIG_BOARD_QUALIFIERS'
):
mpi_hex_dir = Path(os.path.join(self.cfg.build_dir, 'zephyr'))
# Handle Manifest Provisioning Information
if self.build_conf.getboolean('CONFIG_SUIT_MPI_GENERATE'):
app_mpi_hex_file = os.fspath(
mpi_hex_dir / self.build_conf.get('CONFIG_SUIT_MPI_APP_AREA_PATH'))
rad_mpi_hex_file = os.fspath(
mpi_hex_dir / self.build_conf.get('CONFIG_SUIT_MPI_RAD_AREA_PATH')
)
self.op_program(
app_mpi_hex_file,
'ERASE_NONE',
None,
defer=True,
core='NRFDL_DEVICE_CORE_APPLICATION',
)
self.op_program(
rad_mpi_hex_file,
'ERASE_NONE',
None,
defer=True,
core='NRFDL_DEVICE_CORE_NETWORK',
)
# Handle SUIT root manifest if application manifests are not used.
# If an application firmware is built, the root envelope is merged
# with other application manifests as well as the output HEX file.
if not cpuapp and self.sysbuild_conf.get('SB_CONFIG_SUIT_ENVELOPE'):
app_root_envelope_hex_file = os.fspath(
mpi_hex_dir / 'suit_installed_envelopes_application_merged.hex'
)
self.op_program(
app_root_envelope_hex_file,
'ERASE_NONE',
None,
defer=True,
core='NRFDL_DEVICE_CORE_APPLICATION',
)
if not self.erase and generated_uicr:
self.exec_op('erase', core=core, option={'chip_erase_mode': 'ERASE_UICR',
'qspi_erase_mode': 'ERASE_NONE'})
else:
if self.erase:
erase_arg = 'ERASE_ALL'
else:
if self.family == 'NRF52_FAMILY':
erase_arg = 'ERASE_PAGES_INCLUDING_UICR'
else:
erase_arg = 'ERASE_PAGES'
xip_ranges = {
'NRF52_FAMILY': (0x12000000, 0x19FFFFFF),
'NRF53_FAMILY': (0x10000000, 0x1FFFFFFF),
}
qspi_erase_opt = None
if self.family in xip_ranges:
xip_start, xip_end = xip_ranges[self.family]
if self.hex_refers_region(xip_start, xip_end):
qspi_erase_opt = 'ERASE_ALL'
# What tool commands do we need to flash this target?
if self.family == 'NRF53_FAMILY':
# nRF53 requires special treatment due to the extra coprocessor.
self.program_hex_nrf53(erase_arg, qspi_erase_opt)
else:
self.op_program(self.hex_, erase_arg, qspi_erase_opt, defer=True, core=core)
self.flush(force=False)
def program_hex_nrf53(self, erase_arg, qspi_erase_opt):
# program_hex() helper for nRF53.
# *********************** NOTE *******************************
# self.hex_ can contain code for both the application core and
# the network core.
#
# We can't assume, for example, that
# CONFIG_SOC_NRF5340_CPUAPP=y means self.hex_ only contains
# data for the app core's flash: the user can put arbitrary
# addresses into one of the files in HEX_FILES_TO_MERGE.
#
# Therefore, on this family, we may need to generate two new
# hex files, one for each core, and flash them individually
# with the correct '--coprocessor' arguments.
#
# Kind of hacky, but it works, and the tools are not capable of
# flashing to both cores at once. If self.hex_ only affects
# one core's flash, then we skip the extra work to save time.
# ************************************************************
# Address range of the network coprocessor's flash. From nRF5340 OPS.
# We should get this from DTS instead if multiple values are possible,
# but this is fine for now.
net_flash_start = 0x01000000
net_flash_end = 0x0103FFFF
# If there is nothing in the hex file for the network core,
# only the application core is programmed.
if not self.hex_refers_region(net_flash_start, net_flash_end):
self.op_program(self.hex_, erase_arg, qspi_erase_opt, defer=True,
core='NRFDL_DEVICE_CORE_APPLICATION')
# If there is some content that addresses a region beyond the network
# core flash range, two hex files are generated and the two cores
# are programmed one by one.
elif self.hex_contents.minaddr() < net_flash_start or \
self.hex_contents.maxaddr() > net_flash_end:
net_hex, app_hex = IntelHex(), IntelHex()
for start, end in self.hex_contents.segments():
if net_flash_start <= start <= net_flash_end:
net_hex.merge(self.hex_contents[start:end])
else:
app_hex.merge(self.hex_contents[start:end])
hex_path = Path(self.hex_)
hex_dir, hex_name = hex_path.parent, hex_path.name
net_hex_file = os.fspath(
hex_dir / f'GENERATED_CP_NETWORK_{hex_name}')
app_hex_file = os.fspath(
hex_dir / f'GENERATED_CP_APPLICATION_{hex_name}')
self.logger.info(
f'{self.hex_} targets both nRF53 coprocessors; '
f'splitting it into: {net_hex_file} and {app_hex_file}')
net_hex.write_hex_file(net_hex_file)
app_hex.write_hex_file(app_hex_file)
self.op_program(net_hex_file, erase_arg, None, defer=True,
core='NRFDL_DEVICE_CORE_NETWORK')
self.op_program(app_hex_file, erase_arg, qspi_erase_opt, defer=True,
core='NRFDL_DEVICE_CORE_APPLICATION')
# Otherwise, only the network core is programmed.
else:
self.op_program(self.hex_, erase_arg, None, defer=True,
core='NRFDL_DEVICE_CORE_NETWORK')
def reset_target(self):
if self.family == 'NRF52_FAMILY' and not self.softreset:
self.exec_op('pinreset-enable')
if self.softreset:
self.exec_op('reset', option="RESET_SYSTEM")
else:
self.exec_op('reset', option="RESET_PIN")
@abc.abstractmethod
def do_require(self):
''' Ensure the tool is installed '''
def _check_suit_starter(self, op):
op = op['operation']
if op['type'] not in ('erase', 'recover', 'program'):
return None
if op['type'] == 'program' and op['chip_erase_mode'] != "ERASE_UICR":
return None
file = _get_suit_starter()
self.logger.debug(f'suit starter: {file}')
return file
def op_program(self, hex_file, erase, qspi_erase, defer=False, core=None):
args = self._op_program(hex_file, erase, qspi_erase)
self.exec_op('program', defer, core, **args)
def _op_program(self, hex_file, erase, qspi_erase):
args = {'firmware': {'file': hex_file},
'chip_erase_mode': erase, 'verify': 'VERIFY_READ'}
if qspi_erase:
args['qspi_erase_mode'] = qspi_erase
return args
def exec_op(self, op, defer=False, core=None, **kwargs):
def _exec_op(op, defer=False, core=None, **kwargs):
_op = f'{op}'
op = {'operation': {'type': _op}}
if core:
op['core'] = core
op['operation'].update(kwargs)
self.logger.debug(f'defer: {defer} op: {op}')
if defer or not self.do_exec_op(op, force=False):
self.ops.append(op)
return op
_op = _exec_op(op, defer, core, **kwargs)
# Check if the suit manifest starter needs programming
if self.suit_starter and self.family == 'NRF54H_FAMILY':
file = self._check_suit_starter(_op)
if file:
args = self._op_program(file, 'ERASE_NONE', None)
_exec_op('program', defer, core, **args)
@abc.abstractmethod
def do_exec_op(self, op, force=False):
''' Execute an operation. Return True if executed, False if not.
Throws subprocess.CalledProcessError with the appropriate
returncode if a failure arises.'''
def flush_ops(self, force=True):
''' Execute any remaining ops in the self.ops array.
Throws subprocess.CalledProcessError with the appropriate
returncode if a failure arises.
Subclasses can override this method for special handling of
queued ops.'''
self.logger.debug('Flushing ops')
while self.ops:
self.do_exec_op(self.ops.popleft(), force)
def do_run(self, command, **kwargs):
self.do_require()
self.ensure_output('hex')
if IntelHex is None:
raise RuntimeError('Python dependency intelhex was missing; '
'see the getting started guide for details on '
'how to fix')
self.hex_contents = IntelHex()
with contextlib.suppress(FileNotFoundError):
self.hex_contents.loadfile(self.hex_, format='hex')
self.ensure_snr()
self.ensure_family()
self.ops = deque()
if self.recover:
self.recover_target()
self.program_hex()
if self.reset:
self.reset_target()
# All done, now flush any outstanding ops
self.flush(force=True)
self.logger.info(f'Board with serial number {self.dev_id} '
'flashed successfully.')